Former England captain Michael Vaughan has defended star India batter Virat Kohli after his flop show with the bat in the 1st innings of the Perth Test against Australia. Kohli managed just five runs before fending off a climbing Josh Hazlewood delivery to Usman Khawaja at slip. His 12-ball stay in the middle extended his lean patch with the bat, having managed just 93 runs in the recent home series loss to New Zealand. The former India captain hasn't scored a century since the West Indies tour last year. Vaughan, however, refused to rule Kohli out just yet despite his failure in the 1st innings in Perth. He suggested it's too early to judge Kohli, highlighting how the excessive seam movement made life difficult for most batters. "It is too hard to judge him. Coming out of the crease in Perth when the ball is bouncing is a tactic not many try to pull off and he went for that. It bounced and he found the outside edge. But I think that now we have seen Australia (bat),
Scientists have unravelled a doughnut-like structure buried deep within Earth's swirling outer core of molten metal. The exciting discovery was reported in a new study published in Science Advances.
The discovery was made by a research team that analysed seismic waves generated by large earthquakes. The expert team included Professor Hrvoje Tkalcic, a geophysicist from the Australian National University. These waves travel through Earth, giving scientists information about its internal composition.
As Professor Tkalcic explained, the researchers focused on how these seismic waves were slowing down while passing through a certain portion of the outer core near its boundary with the mantle.
"By understanding the paths of those waves and their travel times, we reconstructed their journey through the Earth's outer core," he added.
These waves were slower, indicating that a torus-shaped, or doughnut-shaped, region within the outer core was orientated parallel to the equator. This finds a new layer of complexity to the structure at the interior of the Earth.
The authors of the study write, "Thermochemical inhomogeneities in the Earth's outer core that enhance our understanding of the geodynamo have been elusive. Seismic constraints on such inhomogeneities would provide clues on the amount and distribution of light elements in the core apart from iron and nickel."
"Here, we present evidence for a low-velocity volume within the outer core via the global coda correlation wavefield. Several key correlogram features with a unique sensitivity to the liquid core show variations with wave paths remarkably slower in the equatorial than polar planes. We constrain a torus structure at low latitudes with 2% lower velocity than the surrounding liquid outer core via waveform modeling. We propose a thermochemical origin for such a low-velocity torus, providing important constraints on the dynamical processes of the Earth's outer core," the author said.
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